February 2025 - Center-Vortex Loops with N = 1

A thin center vortex is a chain of unresolved (anti)monopoles whose flux is confined to a thin tube. The stable, massive soliton, represented by center-vortex loops with n = 1 originates from localized pair creation into loops with n = 0, through stretching/twisting/pinching of the loop and the eventual release of an (anti)monopole from the chain. Points of vortex selfintersection are defined explicitly. An (anti)monopole can't exist as an isolated defect in a confining vacuum, so that each intersection point evolves to a blob, trapping the (anti)monopole in its defconfining, pressureless bulk at the 1.32 * critical temperature. It's subject to a boundary shell, representing a temperature gradient, where by Hagedorn transition positive pressure is superimposed by the negative pressures of the preconfining and deconfining phases to add up to vanishing pressure. Assume zero pressure of the boundary shell. The center flux has figure-eight topology.

A quantum of magnetic center flux represents that of electric center flux, which induces a quantum of magnetic center flux. It's a 2-fold degenerate, so the projection of μ onto a quantisation axis is also 2-fold degenerate.

The spin quantisation axis is parallel to the normal of the plane that the figure-eight is immersed in. The blob charge (mod quantum jitter) moves along a circle of radius comparable to the Bohr radius, where the Bohr magneton describes its effective revolution as triggered by the revolution in the same span of time along the thin vortex loop. The orbital angular momentum of the blob can be interpreted through the magnetic moment induced by a circular current loop of radius with some current.